Polio Action

“After many visits to Afghanistan, this was the first time we were able to visit every place we needed to review,” said Dr Jean-Marc Olive, Surveillance Review Team Leader. “This gave me great confidence that this extensive effort was a thorough country review which clearly identified both the achievements and the remaining challenges to ensure that no WPV will be missed.”

• Summary of new polioviruses this week: 

• One wild poliovirus type 1 (WPV1) case was reported in Kunar making it the second case reported in 2022. There were four cases in 2021. 
• The total number of cVDPV2 cases in the country remain 43.
• Kunar, along with the rest of the country’s Eastern Region, is part of one of three, critical cross-border epidemiological corridors with Pakistan, the northern corridor specifically comprising of Eastern Region and central Khyber Pakhtunkhwa in Pakistan.  Case response is currently being planned in the immediate area and the broader corridor.  The other two cross-border epidemiological corridors are the southern corridor, comprising Quetta Block of Pakistan and Southern Region, Afghanistan; and, the central corridor, comprising southern Khyber Pakhtunkhwa and South-East Region in Afghanistan.
• Of note, in 2022, the central corridor had multiple WPV1 detections from polio cases and environmental samples, mainly from southern Khyber Pakhtunkhwa. 
• Districts along the border of Pakistan and Afghanistan in the three epidemiological corridors are at high-risk for poliovirus transmission, given the high proportion of zero-dose children and inconsistent quality of polio vaccination campaigns in some areas.  
• The Pakistan and Afghanistan polio programmes continue to coordinate on surveillance and vaccination activities through the Global Polio Eradication Initiative Support Hub, based in Amman, Jordan.

• Two wild poliovirus type 1 (WPV1) cases were reported in Khyber Pakhtunkhwa bringing the number of cases in 2022 to 19. There was one WPV1 case in 2021.
• One WPV1 positive environmental sample was reported in Khyber Pakhtunkhwa.

• No case of circulating vaccine-derived poliovirus type 2 (cVDPV2) was reported this week. There is one case in 2022 that is linked to the Zamfara emergence from Nigeria.

• Two cases of circulating vaccine-derived poliovirus type 2 (cVDPV2) were reported in Borgou bringing the number of 2022 cases to six. There were three cases reported in 2021. 
• One cVDPV2 positive environmental sample was reported in Donga.

• No case of circulating vaccine-derived poliovirus type 2 (cVDPV2) was reported this week. There were two cases reported in 2021.  

• No case of circulating vaccine-derived poliovirus type 2 (cVDPV2) was reported this week. There were three cases reported in 2021. 

• No case of circulating vaccine-derived poliovirus type 2 (cVDPV2) was reported this week. There were no cases reported in 2021.

• No case of circulating vaccine-derived poliovirus type 2 (cVDPV2) was reported this week. The number of 2022 cases remain 18.

• No case of circulating vaccine-derived poliovirus type 2 (cVDPV2) was reported this week. There were two cases reported in 2021. 

• No case of circulating vaccine-derived poliovirus type 2 (cVDPV2) was reported this week. There were no cases reported in 2021.

• No circulating vaccine-derived poliovirus type 2 (cVDPV2) positive environmental samples were reported this week. 
• Following breakthrough transmission in the country, two nOPV2 NIDs will be implemented (one in October 2022 and another with no set dates yet).

• One case of circulating vaccine-derived poliovirus type 2 (cVDPV2) was reported in Maniema bringing the number of cases in 2022 to 111. There were 28 cases in 2021.
• Outbreak response to both cVDPV1 and cVDPV2 is being intensified.

• No circulating vaccine-derived poliovirus type 2 (cVDPV2) positive environmental samples were reported this week. There are 16 positive samples reported in the country.

• No case of circulating vaccine-derived poliovirus type 2 (cVDPV2) was reported this week. There were ten cases reported in 2021.

• No circulating vaccine-derived poliovirus type 2 (cVDPV2) positive environmental samples were reported this week. There were nine positive samples in 2021.

• No case of circulating vaccine-derived poliovirus type 2 (cVDPV2) was reported this week. There are two cases reported in 2022.
• One cVDPV2 positive environmental sample was reported in the Greater Accra region.

• No case of circulating vaccine-derived poliovirus type 2 (cVDPV2) was reported this week. There were six cases in 2021.

• No case of circulating vaccine-derived poliovirus type 2 (cVDPV2) was reported this week. There are three cases in the country which are linked to the Jigawa outbreak in Nigeria in 2021. 

• No case of circulating vaccine-derived poliovirus type 3 (cVDPV3) was reported this week. There is one case reported in 2022.

• No case of circulating vaccine-derived poliovirus type 2 (cVDPV2) was reported this week. There were three cVDPV2 cases in 2021. 

• No case of circulating vaccine-derived poliovirus type 1 (cVDPV1) was reported this week. The number of cases in 2022 remains eight. There were 13 cases in 2021. 
• One cVDPV1 positive environmental sample was reported in Boeni.

• No case of wild poliovirus type 1 (WPV1) was reported this week. One case from 2021 has been reported this year. 
• Two cVDPV1 cases were reported in the Southern province making them the first in the country.
• Malawi continues to participate in the multi-country, subregional outbreak response, to urgently stop the WPV1 outbreak affecting the area.

• No circulating vaccine-derived poliovirus type 2 (cVDPV2) positive environmental sample was reported this week. There were seven positive samples linked to the Jigawa outbreak in 2021.

• One wild poliovirus type 1 (WPV1) case was reported in Tete province. There are six WPV1 cases in the country. Reporting of these new cases within a short time span indicates that intensified surveillance efforts are working in the province.  
• No case of circulating vaccine-derived poliovirus type 1 (cVDPV1) was reported this week. There are four cases in 2022.
• No case of circulating vaccine-derived poliovirus type 2 (cVDPV2) was reported this week. The number of cases in 2022 remains four. There were two cases reported in 2021.

• No case of circulating vaccine-derived poliovirus type 2 (cVDPV2) was reported this week. There are 10 cases in 2022. There were 18 cases reported in 2021.

• No case of circulating vaccine-derived poliovirus type 2 (cVDPV2) was reported this week. The number of cases in 2022 remains 33. There were 415 cases reported in 2021. 
• One cVDPV2 positive environmental sample was reported in Sokoto.

• No case of circulating vaccine-derived poliovirus type 2 (cVDPV2) was reported this week. There were 17 cases reported in 2021. 

• No case of circulating vaccine-derived poliovirus type 2 (cVDPV2) was reported this week. There were five cases reported in 2021. 

• No case of circulating vaccine-derived poliovirus type 2 (cVDPV2) was reported this week. There are three cases reported in 2022. There was one case reported in 2021.

• No case of circulating vaccine-derived poliovirus type 2 (cVDPV2) was reported this week. There were nine cVDPV2 cases reported in 2021.

• No circulating vaccine-derived poliovirus type 2 (cVDPV2) positive environmental sample was reported this week. There has been one case and one positive sample reported in 2022.

• No circulating vaccine-derived poliovirus type 2 (cVDPV2) positive environmental sample was reported this week. There were two positive samples linked to the N’Djamena outbreak in Chad reported in 2021.

• No case of circulating vaccine-derived poliovirus type 2 (cVDPV2) was reported this week. There were two cases reported in 2021. 

• No circulating vaccine-derived poliovirus type 2 (cVDPV2) positive environmental samples were reported this week. Two positive samples were reported in August  following the isolation of vaccine-derived poliovirus type 2 (VDPV2) from environmental samples in London, UK.
• No cases of paralysis associated with this strain have been detected – virus has been isolated only from environmental (sewage) samples, however.  

• No case of circulating vaccine-derived poliovirus type 2 (cVDPV2) was reported this week. One cVDPV2 case was reported in New York last week making it the first in the country. The case had onset of paralysis on 20 June, and had already previously been publicly reported (see link). 

• No cases of circulating vaccine-derived poliovirus type 2 (cVDPV2) were reported this week. The number of cVDPV2 cases in 2022 remains 127. There were 66 cVDPV2 cases and three cVDPV1 cases in 2021. 
• Almost two-thirds of the areas reporting the bulk of cVDPV2 cases have not implemented type 2-containing polio vaccination campaigns, underscoring the risk both to local children and to neighbouring countries.
• Intensive efforts are ongoing to access Yemen’s northern governorates with polio vaccine.